EFFECTS OF UREA-MOLASSES TREATED WHEAT STRAW FERMENTED WITH RUMEN DIGESTA ON THE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING NILI-RAVI BUFFALOES

Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background and Objectives: A research investigation was conducted involving a cohort of nine multiparous early lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes, employing a randomized complete block design to ensure a systematic approach. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the influen ce of different levels of urea molasses treated wheat straw, which was ensiled with bovine rumen digesta, on various parameters. These parameters included the intake of nutrients, the digestibility of those nutrients, nitrogen balance, overall milk product ion, and the compositional elements of the milk produced by the buffaloes. The findings aimed to provide insights into how dietary interventions might improve the health and productivity of these animals during the early stages of lactation. Methodology: W heat straw was mixed with rumen digesta at an 80:20 dry matter DM ratio. A solution of 4% urea and 4% molasses was applied to this mixture, which was then sealed and allowed to ferment for 21 days. Three iso caloric and iso nitrogenous diets were created w ith varying fermented wheat straw FWS levels: 0%, 50%, and 70% designated as FWS 0, FWS 50, and FWS 70, respectively. The FWS 0 and FWS 50 diets maintained a forage to concentrate ratio of 50:50, while FWS 70 had this ratio changed to 70:30 by substituting 20% of the concentrate with FWS. Each treatment was assigned to three buffaloes, and the experiment lasted for 120 days. Results:
Buffaloes on the FWS 50 diet had significantly greater P<0.05 DM and crude protein CP intake compared to those on the other d iets . In the course of this study, it was observed that individuals adhering to the FWS 70 diet demonstrated a higher intake of both neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) when compared to participants on other dietary regimens. The d ifferences in fiber consumption among the groups were statistically significant, with a p value of less than 0.05. This suggests that the FWS 70 diet is associated with increased fiber intake, highlighting its unique impact on dietary fiber consumption com pared to the other diets evaluated. The highest DM digestibility was noted in the FWS 50 group, with similar findings observed for CP, NDF, and ADF digestibility. Nitrogen balance was also greater P<0.05 for the FWS 50 and FWS 70 groups compared to FWS 0. Milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk, lactose percentage, solids not fat, total solids, and blood urea nitrogen levels showed no significant differences across the diets. The FWS 50 and FWS 70 groups showed significantly higher percentages of milk fat and mil k protein (P<0.05) when compared to the FWS 0 group. Milk yield and 4% fat corrected milk were comparable for buffaloes given FWS 0 and FWS 70 diets. Conclusion: The results indicate that fermenting wheat straw treated with urea and molasses alongside rume n digesta improves nutrient absorption, digestibility, and nitrogen retention, while also boosting the percentages of milk fat and protein. Furthermore, it indicates that buffaloes can achieve similar milk production by substituting up to 20% of concentrat e with FWS.

THE PAKISTAN HEALTHCARE SECTOR AT STAKE: BRAIN DRAIN OF PAKISTAN DOCTORS

Dr. Fareha Khaliq, Waqas Zaigham, Saqib Yaqoob Malik — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The exodus of Pakistan's medical personnel is a major problem for the country. The nation's already overburdened healthcare system suffers from this brain drain, which results in a lack of qualified professionals and subpar patient care. This exodus is caused by a number of factors, including political instability, a lack of prospects for professional progression, and inadequate compensation. The exodus of highly skilled healthcare workers from Pakist an, sometimes known as "medical brain drain," is a growing concern that jeopardizes the country's healthcare system. As economic disparities, gender biases, and professional hurdles
drive doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals outside, Pakistan h as a serious shortage of medical workers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the fundamental causes and implications of medical brain drain, to identify the biases that worsen the problem, and to provide concrete solutions to reduce its impact on Pakistan's healthcare system. This research emphasizes the importance of specific policies aimed at improving healthcare working conditions, reducing gender disparity, and raising investment in medical training and infrastructure. Objectives: The study's objectives are to determine and examine the main factors that lead Pakistani physicians to look for work overseas and to evaluate the resulting effects on the country's healthcare system. Materials and Methods: A variety of methods, including surveys, expe riments, and observational studies, may be used in quantitative research. The study used a quantitative research design and a cross sectional survey approach. Results: A sizable portion of physicians cite low pay, unfavorable working circumstances, and a d earth of prospects for professional growth as reasons for their choice to immigrate.
Furthermore, the situation is made worse by political unpredictability and security worries, which drive many people to look for safer and more stable surroundings. Conclu sion : Pakistan's healthcare sector is seriously threatened by the continuous exodus of medical personnel. To solve this problem, extensive reforms are needed, such as bettering pay packages, improving working conditions, providing them the opportunities fo r their specialization trainings, grand maintaining political stability to keep talent in the nation. Therefore, in order to reduce brain, drain out of the nation, governments in developing nations like Pakistan should concentrate on
policies that guarante e job opportunities are available, offer suitable research facilities, provide safe working conditions, and establish merit systems. In conclusion, it is critical to highlight that Pakistan has substantial obstacles in developing and successfully implement ing migration related policies since there is a dearth of a substantial database with international migration statistics. Therefore, among other things, keeping such a database up to date is essential for the proper execution of policies.

Health Sciences Journal

EFFECTS OF UREA-MOLASSES TREATED WHEAT STRAW FERMENTED WITH RUMEN DIGESTA ON THE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING NILI-RAVI BUFFALOES

THE PAKISTAN HEALTHCARE SECTOR AT STAKE: BRAIN DRAIN OF PAKISTAN DOCTORS