Health Sciences Journal

EFFECT OF SUBZERO STORAGE ON THE QUALITY OF MUTTON FROM SHEEP AND GOATS IN D.I KHAN DISTRICT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Ahmad Saeed — 2024-08-31

Mutton is widely recognized for its excellent nutritional value, containing essential components such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of subzero storage on the freshness and quality of mutton. To evaluate the attributes of frozen and stored mutton, we employed fresh control samples that underwent standard freezing procedures at -18°C. Determining the quality and freshness of the product required the evaluation of numerous parameters over a five-month storage period. Drip loss (comprising boiling and thawing loss), water-holding capacity (WHC), texture profile analysis (TPA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total volatile basic nitrogen encompassed these parameters. Temperature influenced leak loss and water holding capacity (WHC), with severe freezing resulting in a reduction in moisture loss during frozen storage in comparison to standard freezing conditions. Extremely low-temperature freezing and subsequent storage of lamb resulted in a notable enhancement in tenderness when compared to standard freezing conditions. More precisely, sheep that underwent freezing at temperatures below -60℃ exhibited a tenderness akin to that of recently slaughtered mutton. Following a five-month period, frozen samples of mutton exhibited no indications of lipid oxidation, irrespective of temperature. The storage temperature of the samples, nevertheless, had an impact on the TVBN (total volatile basic nitrogen) concentration. In conclusion, our research indicates that mutton can maintain its freshness for a period of five months through the utilization subzero temperatures. A temperature of -60℃ is determined to be the most favorable condition for freezing and storing frozen mutton, taking into account both economic and qualitative considerations.

EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR TREATEMENT OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER

Syed Zulqarnain Mehdi — 2024-11-14

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a rapidly rising disease worldwide. It has many complications affecting the overall health status of diabetic individuals as well as their life quality. Peripheral vascular and neuropathy are among the devastating complications of diabetes. They result in diabetic foot ulcer development. This should be prevented initially by preventative strategies which include annual screening of diabetic-foot and patient’s education of self-care. When ulcers happen, different approaches could be taken
to manage patients. Aim: the aim of this review article is to spots light on different management methods to treat diabetic foot ulcers.
Material & Methods: PRISMA method is used to collect the articles from different data bases such as web of science, Scopus.
Total 608 articles found relevant after applying inclusion exclusion criteria and duplication criteria total 27 articles were included in the
analysis. Findings: From the literature review eight factors are found which are discussed in detail in the paper. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus is a long-term condition that can lead to serious complications. In their lifetime, around one-third of diabetic people may develop foot ulcers

CLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF TETANUS

Abdul Majid Amin — 2024-11-15

Background: Compared to developed nations, tetanus has remained common in poor and emerging nations over the past few decades. In underdeveloped nations like Pakistan, a low rate of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) immunization has resulted in a significant morbidity and mortality rate due to Tetanus among women and children. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to highlight the
Clinical features and Management of tetanus. Material & Methods: Systematic literature review has been conducted for this study. Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus data basses were used to extract titles, abstracts, articles, thesis and books published on this topic. Findings: Nonetheless, it continues to be a significant global cause of death and is linked to a high case mortality rate, especially in developing nations. Even if the frequency is low in developed nations, individuals over 60 years old, who are the group most at risk of developing the illness, nonetheless have a mortality rate above 50%. Acute respiratory failure should no longer be fatal thanks to current intensive care management, but additional causes of death and cardiovascular problems brought on by autonomic instability still pose a challenge

ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF KLEBSIELLA SPECIES IN URINE SAMPLES OF UTI PATIENTS VISITING DHQ HOSPITAL D.I. KHAN

Nameera Attiq — 2024-12-01

Background A gram-negative rod-shaped pathogenic bacterium-Klebsiella, repeatedly causing Urinary Tract Infection. Objectives: Isolation, Characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of Klebsiella species in urine samples of UTI patients. Methodology: For this
purpose, a total of 105 samples were randomly collected from the patients with urinary tract complications visiting District Head Quarter Hospital D.I. Khan, Pakistan. Results: Urine samples with pus cells were inoculated on Cystine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient
(CLED) agar and it was revealed that only 12 out of 105 samples were Klebsiella positive on the basis of cultural characteristics.
Further confirmation was done using biochemical characterization through Analytical Profile Index (API 10) and out of 12 all the isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae. Disc diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial susceptibility on Muller Hinton Agar.
Klebsiella isolates showed 100% resistance to Cefepime, Cotrimoxazole and Ceftriaxone, 91% to Ampicillin, Doxycycline
and Cefazoline and 83% to Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin. Only two antibiotics Fosfomycin
and Nitrofurantoin were two antibioticsKlebsiella isolates showing sensitivity. Conclusion: It is assumed that excessive use of
antibiotics without proper diagnosis is among one of the main reasons responsible for antibiotic resistance.

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN FOODBORNE PATHOGENS: GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS, MECHANISTIC CHALLENGES, AND CUTTING-EDGE DETECTION

Muhammad Zeeshan Kazim — 2024-12-03

Background: Foodborne pathogens’ AMR is considered one of the most significant risks to food safety and human health worldwide.
This situation has been worsened by the misuse of antibiotics in livestock farming, making it hard to handle food borne illnesses and
higher rates of sickness and death. Objectives: The main objective of this work is to present a review of the epidemiological data on AMR in foodborne pathogens on a global level, to discuss the genetic and biochemical basis of resistance, and to analyze new approaches to diagnostics and prevention. Methods: The current literature was systematically reviewed to evaluate the incidence and factors related to AMR in these important pathogens; Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., and Listeria monocytogenes. The study also discusses additional and more sophisticated diagnostic techniques such as CRISPR-based systems, and non-conventional forms of treatment like bacteriophages and antimicrobial peptides. Results: The data indicates that AMR continues to emerge in foodborne pathogens owing to factors such as intensive farming practices and global food trade, and environmental exposure. Some of the advanced diagnostic systems include metagenomics and point-of-care that can quickly and accurately identify the genes that cause resistance. It is, therefore, evident that nontraditional therapies hold promise in containing AMR but they have to be developed to a greater extent. Conclusions: AMR in foodborne pathogens requires a multifaceted approach involving accurate diagnostics, novel therapeutics, and cross-country cooperation. For this reason, there is need to embrace One Health approach to reduce the effect of AMR on health, food and the environment.